A region where processor data is stored. More...

#include <space.hh>

Inheritance diagram for AddrSpace:

[legend]

Public Types
enum	{ big_endian = 1, heritaged = 2, does_deadcode = 4, programspecific = 8, reverse_justification = 16, overlay = 32, overlaybase = 64, truncated = 128, hasphysical = 256, is_otherspace = 512, has_nearpointers = 0x400 }

enum	{ constant_space_index = 0, other_space_index = 1 }

Public Member Functions
	AddrSpace (AddrSpaceManager m, const Translate t, spacetype tp, const string &nm, uint4 size, uint4 ws, int4 ind, uint4 fl, int4 dl)

	AddrSpace (AddrSpaceManager m, const Translate t, spacetype tp)
	For use with restoreXml. More...

const string &	getName (void) const
	Get the name. More...

AddrSpaceManager *	getManager (void) const
	Get the space manager. More...

const Translate *	getTrans (void) const
	Get the processor translator. More...

spacetype	getType (void) const
	Get the type of space. More...

int4	getDelay (void) const
	Get number of heritage passes being delayed. More...

int4	getDeadcodeDelay (void) const
	Get number of passes before deadcode removal is allowed. More...

int4	getIndex (void) const
	Get the integer identifier. More...

uint4	getWordSize (void) const
	Get the addressable unit size. More...

uint4	getAddrSize (void) const
	Get the size of the space. More...

uintb	getHighest (void) const
	Get the highest byte-scaled address. More...

uintb	getPointerLowerBound (void) const
	Get lower bound for assuming an offset is a pointer. More...

uintb	getPointerUpperBound (void) const
	Get upper bound for assuming an offset is a pointer. More...

int4	getMinimumPtrSize (void) const
	Get the minimum pointer size for this space. More...

uintb	wrapOffset (uintb off) const
	Wrap -off- to the offset that fits into this space. More...

char	getShortcut (void) const
	Get the shortcut character. More...

bool	isHeritaged (void) const
	Return true if dataflow has been traced. More...

bool	doesDeadcode (void) const
	Return true if dead code analysis should be done on this space. More...

bool	hasPhysical (void) const
	Return true if data is physically stored in this. More...

bool	isBigEndian (void) const
	Return true if values in this space are big endian. More...

bool	isReverseJustified (void) const
	Return true if alignment justification does not match endianness. More...

bool	isOverlay (void) const
	Return true if this is an overlay space.

bool	isOverlayBase (void) const
	Return true if other spaces overlay this space.

bool	isOtherSpace (void) const
	Return true if this is the other address space.

bool	isTruncated (void) const
	Return true if this space is truncated from its original size. More...

bool	hasNearPointers (void) const
	Return true if near (truncated) pointers into this space are possible.

void	printOffset (ostream &s, uintb offset) const
	Write an address offset to a stream. More...

virtual int4	numSpacebase (void) const
	Number of base registers associated with this space. More...

virtual const VarnodeData &	getSpacebase (int4 i) const
	Get a base register that creates this virtual space. More...

virtual const VarnodeData &	getSpacebaseFull (int4 i) const
	Return original spacebase register before truncation. More...

virtual bool	stackGrowsNegative (void) const
	Return true if a stack in this space grows negative. More...

virtual AddrSpace *	getContain (void) const
	Return this space's containing space (if any) More...

virtual void	saveXmlAttributes (ostream &s, uintb offset) const
	Save an address as XML. More...

virtual void	saveXmlAttributes (ostream &s, uintb offset, int4 size) const
	Save an address and size as XML. More...

virtual uintb	restoreXmlAttributes (const Element *el, uint4 &size) const
	Recover an offset and size. More...

virtual void	printRaw (ostream &s, uintb offset) const
	Write an address in this space to a stream. More...

virtual uintb	read (const string &s, int4 &size) const
	Read in an address (and possible size) from a string. More...

virtual void	saveXml (ostream &s) const
	Write the details of this space as XML. More...

virtual void	restoreXml (const Element *el)
	Recover the details of this space from XML. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static uintb	addressToByte (uintb val, uint4 ws)
	Scale from addressable units to byte units. More...

static uintb	byteToAddress (uintb val, uint4 ws)
	Scale from byte units to addressable units. More...

static int4	addressToByteInt (int4 val, uint4 ws)
	Scale int4 from addressable units to byte units. More...

static int4	byteToAddressInt (int4 val, uint4 ws)
	Scale int4 from byte units to addressable units. More...

static bool	compareByIndex (const AddrSpace a, const AddrSpace b)
	Compare two spaces by their index. More...

Protected Member Functions
void	calcScaleMask (void)
	Calculate scale and mask. More...

void	setFlags (uint4 fl)
	Set a cached attribute. More...

void	clearFlags (uint4 fl)
	Clear a cached attribute. More...

void	saveBasicAttributes (ostream &s) const
	Write the XML attributes of this space. More...

void	truncateSpace (uint4 newsize)

Protected Attributes
string	name
	Name of this space.

uint4	addressSize
	Size of an address into this space in bytes.

uint4	wordsize
	Size of unit being addressed (1=byte)

int4	minimumPointerSize
	Smallest size of a pointer into this space (in bytes)

int4	index
	An integer identifier for the space.

int4	delay
	Delay in heritaging this space.

int4	deadcodedelay
	Delay before deadcode removal is allowed on this space.

Friends
class	AddrSpaceManager

Detailed Description

A region where processor data is stored.

An AddrSpace (Address Space) is an arbitrary sequence of bytes where a processor can store data. As is usual with most processors' concept of RAM, an integer offset paired with an AddrSpace forms the address (See Address) of a byte. The size of an AddrSpace indicates the number of bytes that can be separately addressed and is usually described by the number of bytes needed to encode the biggest offset. I.e. a 4-byte address space means that there are offsets ranging from 0x00000000 to 0xffffffff within the space for a total of 2^32 addressable bytes within the space. There can be multiple address spaces, and it is typical to have spaces

ram Modelling the main processor address bus
register Modelling a processors registers

The processor specification can set up any address spaces it needs in an arbitrary manner, but all data manipulated by the processor, which the specification hopes to model, must be contained in some address space, including RAM, ROM, general registers, special registers, i/o ports, etc.

The analysis engine also uses additional address spaces to model special concepts. These include

const There is a constant address space for modelling constant values in pcode expressions (See ConstantSpace)
unique There is always a unique address space used as a pool for temporary registers. (See UniqueSpace)

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
big_endian	Space is big endian if set, little endian otherwise.
heritaged	This space is heritaged.
does_deadcode	Dead-code analysis is done on this space.
programspecific	Space is specific to a particular loadimage.
reverse_justification	Justification within aligned word is opposite of endianness.
overlay	This space is an overlay of another space.
overlaybase	This is the base space for overlay space(s)
truncated	Space is truncated from its original size, expect pointers larger than this size.
hasphysical	Has physical memory associated with it.
is_otherspace	Quick check for the OtherSpace derived class.
has_nearpointers	Does there exist near pointers into this space.

◆ anonymous enum

anonymous enum

Enumerator
constant_space_index	Reserved index for the constant space.
other_space_index	Reserved index for the other space.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ AddrSpace() [1/2]

AddrSpace::AddrSpace	(	AddrSpaceManager *	m,
		const Translate *	t,
		spacetype	tp,
		const string &	nm,
		uint4	size,
		uint4	ws,
		int4	ind,
		uint4	fl,
		int4	dl
	)

Initialize an address space with its basic attributes

Parameters

m	is the space manager associated with the new space
t	is the processor translator associated with the new space
tp	is the type of the new space (PROCESSOR, CONSTANT, INTERNAL,...)
nm	is the name of the new space
size	is the (offset encoding) size of the new space
ws	is the number of bytes in an addressable unit
ind	is the integer identifier for the new space
fl	can be 0 or AddrSpace::hasphysical
dl	is the number of rounds to delay heritage for the new space

◆ AddrSpace() [2/2]

AddrSpace::AddrSpace	(	AddrSpaceManager *	m,
		const Translate *	t,
		spacetype	tp
	)

For use with restoreXml.

This is a partial constructor, for initializing a space via XML

Parameters

m	the associated address space manager
t	is the processor translator
tp	the basic type of the space

Member Function Documentation

◆ addressToByte()

uintb AddrSpace::addressToByte	(	uintb	val,
		uint4	ws
	)

inlinestatic

Scale from addressable units to byte units.

Given an offset into an address space based on the addressable unit size (wordsize), convert it into a byte relative offset

Parameters

val	is the offset to convert
ws	is the number of bytes in the addressable word

Returns: the scaled offset

◆ addressToByteInt()

int4 AddrSpace::addressToByteInt	(	int4	val,
		uint4	ws
	)

inlinestatic

Scale int4 from addressable units to byte units.

Given an int4 offset into an address space based on the addressable unit size (wordsize), convert it into a byte relative offset

Parameters

val	is the offset to convert
ws	is the number of bytes in the addressable word

Returns: the scaled offset

◆ byteToAddress()

uintb AddrSpace::byteToAddress	(	uintb	val,
		uint4	ws
	)

inlinestatic

Scale from byte units to addressable units.

Given an offset in an address space based on bytes, convert it into an offset relative to the addressable unit of the space (wordsize)

Parameters

val	is the offset to convert
ws	is the number of bytes in the addressable word

Returns: the scaled offset

◆ byteToAddressInt()

int4 AddrSpace::byteToAddressInt	(	int4	val,
		uint4	ws
	)

inlinestatic

Scale int4 from byte units to addressable units.

Given an int4 offset in an address space based on bytes, convert it into an offset relative to the addressable unit of the space (wordsize)

Parameters

val	is the offset to convert
ws	is the number of bytes in the addressable word

Returns: the scaled offset

◆ calcScaleMask()

void AddrSpace::calcScaleMask ( void )

protected

Calculate scale and mask.

Calculate highest based on addressSize, and wordsize. This also calculates the default pointerLowerBound

◆ clearFlags()

void AddrSpace::clearFlags ( uint4 fl )

inlineprotected

Clear a cached attribute.

An internal method for derived classes to clear space attibutes

Parameters

fl	is the set of attributes to clear

◆ compareByIndex()

bool AddrSpace::compareByIndex	(	const AddrSpace *	a,
		const AddrSpace *	b
	)

inlinestatic

Compare two spaces by their index.

For sorting a sequence of address spaces.

Parameters

a	is the first space
b	is the second space

Returns: true if the first space should come before the second

◆ doesDeadcode()

bool AddrSpace::doesDeadcode ( void ) const

inline

Return true if dead code analysis should be done on this space.

Most memory locations should have dead-code analysis performed, and this routine will return true. For certain special spaces like the constant space, dead-code analysis doesn't make sense, and this routine returns false.

◆ getAddrSize()

uint4 AddrSpace::getAddrSize ( void ) const

inline

Get the size of the space.

Return the number of bytes needed to represent an offset into this space. A space with 2^32 bytes has an address size of 4, for instance.

Returns: the size of an address

◆ getContain()

AddrSpace * AddrSpace::getContain ( void ) const

inlinevirtual

Return this space's containing space (if any)

If this space is virtual, then this routine returns the containing address space, otherwise it returns NULL.

Returns: a pointer to the containing space or NULL

◆ getDeadcodeDelay()

int4 AddrSpace::getDeadcodeDelay ( void ) const

inline

Get number of passes before deadcode removal is allowed.

The point at which deadcode removal is performed on varnodes within a space can be set to skip some number of heritage passes, in case not all the varnodes are created within a single pass. This method gives the number of rounds that should be skipped before deadcode elimination begins

Returns: the number of rounds to skip deadcode removal

◆ getDelay()

int4 AddrSpace::getDelay ( void ) const

inline

Get number of heritage passes being delayed.

If the heritage algorithms need to trace dataflow within this space, the algorithms can delay tracing this space in order to let indirect references into the space resolve themselves. This method indicates the number of rounds of dataflow analysis that should be skipped for this space to let this resolution happen

Returns: the number of rounds to skip heritage

◆ getHighest()

uintb AddrSpace::getHighest ( void ) const

inline

Get the highest byte-scaled address.

Get the highest (byte) offset possible for this space

Returns: the offset

◆ getIndex()

int4 AddrSpace::getIndex ( void ) const

inline

Get the integer identifier.

Each address space has an associated index that can be used as an integer encoding of the space.

Returns: the unique index

◆ getManager()

AddrSpaceManager * AddrSpace::getManager ( void ) const

inline

Get the space manager.

Every address space is associated with a manager of (all possible) spaces. This method recovers the address space manager object.

Returns: a pointer to the address space manager

◆ getMinimumPtrSize()

int4 AddrSpace::getMinimumPtrSize ( void ) const

inline

Get the minimum pointer size for this space.

A value of 0 means the size must match exactly. If the space is truncated, or if there exists near pointers, this value may be non-zero.

◆ getName()

const string & AddrSpace::getName ( void ) const

inline

Get the name.

Every address space has a (unique) name, which is referred to especially in configuration files via XML.

Returns: the name of this space

◆ getPointerLowerBound()

uintb AddrSpace::getPointerLowerBound ( void ) const

inline

Get lower bound for assuming an offset is a pointer.

Constant offsets are tested against this lower bound as a quick filter before attempting to lookup symbols.

Returns: the minimum offset that will be inferred as a pointer

◆ getPointerUpperBound()

uintb AddrSpace::getPointerUpperBound ( void ) const

inline

Get upper bound for assuming an offset is a pointer.

Constant offsets are tested against this upper bound as a quick filter before attempting to lookup symbols.

Returns: the maximum offset that will be inferred as a pointer

◆ getShortcut()

char AddrSpace::getShortcut ( void ) const

inline

Get the shortcut character.

Return a unique short cut character that is associated with this space. The shortcut character can be used by the read method to quickly specify the space of an address.

Returns: the shortcut character

◆ getSpacebase()

const VarnodeData & AddrSpace::getSpacebase ( int4 i ) const

inlinevirtual

Get a base register that creates this virtual space.

For virtual spaces, like the stack space, this routine returns the location information for a base register of the space. This routine will throw an exception if the register does not exist

Parameters

i	is the index of the base register starting at

Returns: the VarnodeData that describes the register

Reimplemented in SpacebaseSpace.

◆ getSpacebaseFull()

const VarnodeData & AddrSpace::getSpacebaseFull ( int4 i ) const

inlinevirtual

Return original spacebase register before truncation.

If a stack pointer is truncated to fit the stack space, we may need to know the extent of the original register

Parameters

i	is the index of the base register

Returns: the original register before truncation

Reimplemented in SpacebaseSpace.

◆ getTrans()

const Translate * AddrSpace::getTrans ( void ) const

inline

Get the processor translator.

Every address space is associated with a processor which may have additional objects like registers etc. associated with it. This method returns a pointer to that processor translator

Returns: a pointer to the Translate object

◆ getType()

spacetype AddrSpace::getType ( void ) const

inline

Get the type of space.

Return the defining type for this address space.

IPTR_CONSTANT for the constant space
IPTR_PROCESSOR for a normal space
IPTR_INTERNAL for the temporary register space
IPTR_FSPEC for special FuncCallSpecs references
IPTR_IOP for special PcodeOp references
Returns
the basic type of this space

◆ getWordSize()

uint4 AddrSpace::getWordSize ( void ) const

inline

Get the addressable unit size.

This method indicates the number of bytes contained in an addressable unit of this space. This is almost always 1, but can be any other small integer.

Returns: the number of bytes in a unit

◆ hasPhysical()

bool AddrSpace::hasPhysical ( void ) const

inline

Return true if data is physically stored in this.

This routine returns true, if, like most spaces, the space has actual read/writeable bytes associated with it. Some spaces, like the constant space, do not.

Returns: true if the space has physical data in it.

◆ isBigEndian()

bool AddrSpace::isBigEndian ( void ) const

inline

Return true if values in this space are big endian.

If integer values stored in this space are encoded in this space using the big endian format, then return true.

Returns: true if the space is big endian

◆ isHeritaged()

bool AddrSpace::isHeritaged ( void ) const

inline

Return true if dataflow has been traced.

During analysis, memory locations in most spaces need to have their data-flow traced. This method returns true for these spaces. For some of the special spaces, like the constant space, tracing data flow makes no sense, and this routine will return false.

Returns: true if this space's data-flow is analyzed

◆ isReverseJustified()

bool AddrSpace::isReverseJustified ( void ) const

inline

Return true if alignment justification does not match endianness.

Certain architectures or compilers specify an alignment for accessing words within the space The space required for a variable must be rounded up to the alignment. For variables smaller than the alignment, there is the issue of how the variable is "justified" within the aligned word. Usually the justification depends on the endianness of the space, for certain weird cases the justification may be the opposite of the endianness.

◆ isTruncated()

bool AddrSpace::isTruncated ( void ) const

inline

Return true if this space is truncated from its original size.

If this method returns true, the logical form of this space is truncated from its actual size Pointers may refer to this original size put the most significant bytes are ignored

◆ numSpacebase()

int4 AddrSpace::numSpacebase ( void ) const

inlinevirtual

Number of base registers associated with this space.

Some spaces are "virtual", like the stack spaces, where addresses are really relative to a base pointer stored in a register, like the stackpointer. This routine will return non-zero if this space is virtual and there is 1 (or more) associated pointer registers

Returns: the number of base registers associated with this space

Reimplemented in SpacebaseSpace.

◆ printOffset()

void AddrSpace::printOffset	(	ostream &	s,
		uintb	offset
	)		const

Write an address offset to a stream.

Print the offset as hexidecimal digits.

Parameters

s	is the stream to write to
offset	is the offset to be printed

◆ printRaw()

void AddrSpace::printRaw	(	ostream &	s,
		uintb	offset
	)		const

virtual

Write an address in this space to a stream.

This is a printing method for the debugging routines. It prints taking into account the wordsize, adding a "+n" if the offset is not on-cut with wordsize. It also returns the expected/typical size of values from this space.

Parameters

s	is the stream being written
offset	is the offset to be printed

Reimplemented in FspecSpace, JoinSpace, OtherSpace, ConstantSpace, and IopSpace.

◆ read()

uintb AddrSpace::read	(	const string &	s,
		int4 &	size
	)		const

virtual

Read in an address (and possible size) from a string.

For the console mode, an address space can tailor how it converts user strings into offsets within the space. The base routine can read and convert register names as well as absolute hex addresses. A size can be indicated by appending a ':' and integer, .i.e. 0x1000:2. Offsets within a register can be indicated by appending a '+' and integer, i.e. eax+2

Parameters

s	is the string to be parsed
size	is a reference to the size being returned

Returns: the parsed offset

Reimplemented in JoinSpace.

◆ restoreXml()

void AddrSpace::restoreXml ( const Element * el )

virtual

Recover the details of this space from XML.

Walk a parsed XML tag and recover all the properties defining this space. The processor translator, trans, and the type must already be filled in.

Parameters

el	is the parsed XML tag

Reimplemented in FspecSpace, OverlaySpace, JoinSpace, SpacebaseSpace, ConstantSpace, and IopSpace.

◆ restoreXmlAttributes()

uintb AddrSpace::restoreXmlAttributes	(	const Element *	el,
		uint4 &	size
	)		const

virtual

Recover an offset and size.

For an XML tag describing an address in this space, this routine recovers the offset and possibly the size described by the tag

Parameters

el	is the XML address tag
size	is a reference where the recovered size should be stored

Returns: the recovered offset

Reimplemented in JoinSpace.

◆ saveBasicAttributes()

void AddrSpace::saveBasicAttributes ( ostream & s ) const

protected

Write the XML attributes of this space.

Save the name, index, bigendian, delay, size, wordsize, and physical attributes which are common with all address spaces derived from AddrSpace

Parameters

s	the stream where the attributes are written

◆ saveXml()

void AddrSpace::saveXml ( ostream & s ) const

virtual

Write the details of this space as XML.

Write a tag fully describing the details of this space suitable for later recovery via restoreXml.

Parameters

s	is the stream being written

Reimplemented in FspecSpace, OverlaySpace, JoinSpace, UniqueSpace, OtherSpace, SpacebaseSpace, ConstantSpace, and IopSpace.

◆ saveXmlAttributes() [1/2]

void AddrSpace::saveXmlAttributes	(	ostream &	s,
		uintb	offset
	)		const

virtual

Save an address as XML.

Write the main XML attributes for an address within this space The caller provides only the offset, and this routine fills in other details pertaining to this particular space.

Parameters

s	is the stream to write to
offset	is the offset of the address

Reimplemented in FspecSpace, JoinSpace, and IopSpace.

◆ saveXmlAttributes() [2/2]

void AddrSpace::saveXmlAttributes	(	ostream &	s,
		uintb	offset,
		int4	size
	)		const

virtual

Save an address and size as XML.

Write the main XML attributes of an address with this space and a size. The caller provides the offset and size, and other details about this particular space are filled in.

Parameters

s	is the stream to write to
offset	is the offset of the address
size	is the size of the memory location

Reimplemented in FspecSpace, JoinSpace, and IopSpace.

◆ setFlags()

void AddrSpace::setFlags ( uint4 fl )

inlineprotected

Set a cached attribute.

An internal method for derived classes to set space attributes

Parameters

fl	is the set of attributes to be set

◆ stackGrowsNegative()

bool AddrSpace::stackGrowsNegative ( void ) const

inlinevirtual

Return true if a stack in this space grows negative.

For stack (or other spacebase) spaces, this routine returns true if the space can viewed as a stack and a push operation causes the spacebase pointer to be decreased (grow negative)

Returns: true if stacks grow in negative direction.

Reimplemented in SpacebaseSpace.

◆ truncateSpace()

void AddrSpace::truncateSpace ( uint4 newsize )

protected

The logical form of the space is truncated from its actual size Pointers may refer to this original size put the most significant bytes are ignored

Parameters

newsize is the size (in bytes) of the truncated (logical) space

◆ wrapOffset()

uintb AddrSpace::wrapOffset ( uintb off ) const

inline

Wrap -off- to the offset that fits into this space.

Calculate off modulo the size of this address space in order to construct the offset "equivalent" to off that fits properly into this space

Parameters

off	is the offset requested

Returns: the wrapped offset

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

space.hh
space.cc

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Friends

Detailed Description

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ anonymous enum

◆ anonymous enum

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ AddrSpace() [1/2]

◆ AddrSpace() [2/2]

Member Function Documentation

◆ addressToByte()

◆ addressToByteInt()

◆ byteToAddress()

◆ byteToAddressInt()

◆ calcScaleMask()

◆ clearFlags()

◆ compareByIndex()

◆ doesDeadcode()

◆ getAddrSize()

◆ getContain()

◆ getDeadcodeDelay()

◆ getDelay()

◆ getHighest()

◆ getIndex()

◆ getManager()

◆ getMinimumPtrSize()

◆ getName()

◆ getPointerLowerBound()

◆ getPointerUpperBound()

◆ getShortcut()

◆ getSpacebase()

◆ getSpacebaseFull()

◆ getTrans()

◆ getType()

◆ getWordSize()

◆ hasPhysical()

◆ isBigEndian()

◆ isHeritaged()

◆ isReverseJustified()

◆ isTruncated()

◆ numSpacebase()

◆ printOffset()

◆ printRaw()

◆ read()

◆ restoreXml()

◆ restoreXmlAttributes()

◆ saveBasicAttributes()

◆ saveXml()

◆ saveXmlAttributes() [1/2]

◆ saveXmlAttributes() [2/2]

◆ setFlags()

◆ stackGrowsNegative()

◆ truncateSpace()

◆ wrapOffset()